Coming of Muslims (Arab Conquest of Sindh, Mahmud of Ghazni & Ghori invasion)

Coming of Muslims

During the leadership of Muhammad Bin-Qasim (Iraq) the Arabians first attacked Sindh Pradesh in India (712AD).
They won the Sindh Pradesh.
The then king of Sindh was Dahir.
The prime motive of Arab invasion in India was to rob its wealth and spreading Islam.

The founder of Ghazni Dynasty was Alaptagin, a Turkish leader.
Subuktagin was the slave and son in law of Alaptagin.
Mahmud of Ghazni was the son of Subuktagin.
He was also known as Mahmud-i Zabuli, was the most prominent Turkish ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire.
He was the first ruler to carry the title Sultan ("authority").
Mahmud of Ghazni firstly was the ruler of Khorasan and came to throne in 997AD.
He had two titles given by Al-Adir-Billah, the Khalifa of Bagdad:

In 1001 AD, Mahmud initiated the first of numerous invasion of northern India. His army fought and defeated the army of Raja Jayapala of the Kabul Shahi dynasty in the 1st battle of Waihind at Peshawar (2nd battle of Waihind was fought in 1008 AD. Mahmud of Ghazni defeated Anandpal, son of Jaypal in this battle).

In 1002, Mahmud invaded Sistan, dethroned Khalaf I, last of the Saffarid amirs, and ended the Saffarid dynasty.

During his rule, he invaded and plundered parts of Hindustan (east of the Indus River) 17 times. The plunder of Somnath temple (dedicated to Shiva) in 1025, situated on the sea coast of Kathiwar, is one of his biggest plunder. He got 20 lakh dinars from this Plunder. He also plundered Thaneshwar Mathura and Kannauj.

Sultan Shahab -ud -din Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muizzuddin Muhammad Bin Sam, was born in 1162.

Muhammad Ghori began his expedition by first capturing Multan in 1175 AD. After his victory over Multan he turned to the south where he captured the region of Uch and proceeded towards Gujarat where he had to suffer severe defeat from Naikidevi who controlled the command of the Gujarat army. Muhammad Ghori`s next invasion was over Lahore which he captured in 1181.

Muhammad`s army then proceeded towards the northern part of India when they confronted the army of Prithviraj Chauhan and other Hindu rulers who could defeat Muhammad`s army in the First Battle of Tarain in 1191 AD but had to face severe end in the Second Battle of Tarain in which Ghori came back more vengeance in 1192.

Laid the foundation of Muslim rule in India after capturing Delhi and ajmer.
His General Bakhtiyar Khalji annexed Eastern India and destroyed the Universities of Nalanda and Vikramshila.
Thus, Muhammad Ghori who came to India in 1175 through Multan left India after the Battle of Tarain but continued to rule till 1206 till he was assassinated in an upsurge in the western regions of Ghorid Dynasty near Jhelum now located in Pakistan.